Among the recommendations that Eastwood and her colleagues provide are to always consider are:

• Always consider the radiation principles of time, distance and shielding


• Ensure correct orientation of the C-arm


• Be aware of scatter when radiation is deflected from the patient or surfaces


• Step away from the beam when screening, if able to do so


• Avoid the use of the image intensifier in the true lateral position where possible


• If a lateral view is required, consider a 70-degree view, with the beam directed away from the operating surgeon


• Consider the additional value of each image to the success of the procedure and minimise overall number of images


• Avoid live screening


• Wear appropriate, correctly fitting PPE

Exposure in the workplace was not identified as a risk factor for breast cancer among males working in radiation specialties.

The researchers were from Wessex Deanery; North West Deanery; King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and the British Orthopaedic Association.

The findings were published in The BMJ.

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